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Flash Cards
For homework students will be expected to make flash cards for each word that they keep and study in order to learn the vocabulary words for each quarter. On the front of the flash cards students should write their name or initials and the vocabulary word. On the back of the flash card they should put the definition, the different parts of speech for the word, and a sentence that uses the word correctly for each part of speech. An example of the flash cards can be seen below. It is important that students write their own sentence for each word instead of just copying down the sentences that the teacher uses. Writing original sentences gives students an opportunity to check their understanding of the weekly vocabulary words and allows them to ask the teacher to clarify the meaning or how to use any of the words in a sentence.
Students can earn extra credit for their flash cards if they draw a picture on the front of their flash card depicting the meaning of the vocabulary word. Extra credit will only be received if there are pictures on every flash card for the week. Drawing pictures on the front of the flash cards is a way for students to visualize the meaning of the words and it helps with them with recalling information for the quizzes and tests.
Students should keep all of their flash cards so that they can study for the cumulative vocabulary test at the end of the quarter. Students need to keep all of their flash cards each week, because flash cards from the prior weeks will be checked each week. Flash cards will be checked in the middle of each week to make sure that they have been made and to make sure that students can use the words correctly in a sentence. If a student doesn't have their flash cards complete on the day that are checked, they will not receive credit for that set of flash cards. It is imperative that students have flash cards finished on time and are studying them throughout the week.
For homework students will be expected to make flash cards for each word that they keep and study in order to learn the vocabulary words for each quarter. On the front of the flash cards students should write their name or initials and the vocabulary word. On the back of the flash card they should put the definition, the different parts of speech for the word, and a sentence that uses the word correctly for each part of speech. An example of the flash cards can be seen below. It is important that students write their own sentence for each word instead of just copying down the sentences that the teacher uses. Writing original sentences gives students an opportunity to check their understanding of the weekly vocabulary words and allows them to ask the teacher to clarify the meaning or how to use any of the words in a sentence.
Students can earn extra credit for their flash cards if they draw a picture on the front of their flash card depicting the meaning of the vocabulary word. Extra credit will only be received if there are pictures on every flash card for the week. Drawing pictures on the front of the flash cards is a way for students to visualize the meaning of the words and it helps with them with recalling information for the quizzes and tests.
Students should keep all of their flash cards so that they can study for the cumulative vocabulary test at the end of the quarter. Students need to keep all of their flash cards each week, because flash cards from the prior weeks will be checked each week. Flash cards will be checked in the middle of each week to make sure that they have been made and to make sure that students can use the words correctly in a sentence. If a student doesn't have their flash cards complete on the day that are checked, they will not receive credit for that set of flash cards. It is imperative that students have flash cards finished on time and are studying them throughout the week.
Parts of Speech
In the English language, words can be considered as the smallest elements that have distinctive meanings. Based on their use and functions, words are categorized into several types or parts of speech. Here are the four categories that your vocabulary words will fall under. They are not the only parts of speech. Each vocabulary word is color coordinated to make it easier to visualize and determine its part of speech.
Nouns - a person, place, thing - an idea, concept, characteristic, or quality - most of the nouns we'll have will be ideas or characteristics.
Frank's determination and his work ethic allowed him to get a raise.
Verbs - expressing an action
Timmy functioned well in pressure situations.
Words that Modify: adjectives and adverbs modify or say something about other words. Each sentence with an adjective or an adverb has another highlighted word, showing the word that is being described or modified.
Adjectives - describes or modifies a noun or pronoun
Bob's parents thought that Bob was too scrawny to play football.
Adverbs - describes or modifies a verb (describes how an action is being done) or adjective
Sally spoke gently to her brother after his dog died.
Bob's answer to the question was amazingly magnificent.
Prefixes and Suffixes
Prefixes are affixed before and suffixes after a base word or word stem to add information. For example, with the word "prehistoric," the prefix is "pre-" meaning "before," the base word is "history" meaning "recorded events and knowledge", and the suffix is "-ic" meaning "relating to the science of." In other words, "prefix" simply refers to an attachment before or in front of, in this case, a shorter word or stem. In lingual terms, a "stem" is the main part of a word to which prefixes and suffixes can be added and may not necessarily be a word itself, such as "dod" in "doddle." Similarly, "suffix" refers to an attachment after the end of an existing word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending, for example, “s” or “es” to make for plurality. Suffixes are also what determine a word's part of speech, or how a word is used in a sentence.
http://www.prefixsuffix.com/affixes.php?navblks=1011000
1st Quarter Vocabulary Words
Vocab 1
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
in, im, il, ir - (not, without ) - inappropriate, impossible, irresolute- - (in, into, towards, inside) - influence, imbibe
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ous - adjective - (full of) - generous
ant, ent - adjective - (one who is, that which is) - different, relevant
ly - adverb - (in the manner of) - carefully
1. Elaborate – verb - adding details to something or having details in order to expand ideas and show clarity -
Synonyms: clarify, enhance, specify
Verb tenses: elaborate, elaborated, elaborates, elaborating
Frank elaborated on his example so that his point was clear. Don elaborates on his work so that the audience understands his point.
Elaborate - adjective - Synonyms: intricate, detailed, exact The elaborate picture was full of color and detail. Tyrion's story was not very elaborate because he didn’t use very many details.
2. Ignominy - noun - a great disgrace or shame; public contempt - Synonyms: disgrace, shame - Bob suffered the ignominy of his phone interrupting the funeral. I checked my watch to see how long I would have to endure the ignominy of detention.
3. Arduous - adjective - hard to accomplish, marked by great effort - Synonyms: strenuous, difficult -
The bird house project was very arduous because of the lack of tools. The result of the trip is an extremely arduous journey that simply isn't worth taking.
Arduously - adverb - Frank struggled arduously with his school project. The old man walked arduously up the long staircase.
Arduousness - noun - The arduousness of the climb made it difficult for the young boy to get to the top of the hill. The teacher discussed the project's arduousness emphasizing the due date.
4. Relevance - noun - important or relating to the matter at hand or the topic - Synonyms: pertinent, important -
Frank used a chart to show the relevance of his example to his presentation. The example didn’t have any relevance to Timmy’s point and therefore didn’t make any sense.
Relevant - adjective - The boy’s question was not relevant to the class so the teacher refused to answer it. Pete looked for relevant examples that related to the topic of his class presentation.
Irrelevant - adjective - not relating to the matter at hand; off topic - Bob's point was irrelevant to the conversation. The material was irrelevant to the class and should have been changed.
5. Magnanimous - adjective - generous in forgiving; free from petty resentfulness; high minded; -
Synonyms: unselfish, forgiving, noble
The king was a just and magnanimous ruler, he understood that people made mistakes. Timmy made a magnanimous gesture when he told Frank he forgave him for dating Sarah.
Magnanimously - adverb - Frank greeted Timmy magnanimously even after Timmy forgot to pick up Frank from the airport. Betty magnanimously forgave Don for his terrible mistakes.
Magnanimity - noun - Ken showed a lot of magnanimity when he didn't press charges on the boy who broke his window. The king’s magnanimity was appreciated by his subjects.
6. Paradox - noun - a truth that expresses an apparent contradiction - Synonyms: anomaly, absurdity
Cell phones are a paradox because they allow people to communicate easily, but they also make people disconnected. A paradox of science is that its success in understanding nature has created problems for its understanding of human nature.
Paradoxical - adjective - The events that made the universe habitable are paradoxical because those events are also catastrophic. When people glorify acts of violence they achieve a paradoxical effect of making those acts seem trivial.
Vocab 2
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ance, ence - noun - (action; quality; relating to) - confidence, reliance
ism - noun - (a system of belief) - Catholicism, capitalism
ile - adjective - (relating to, capable of) - agile, docile, volatile
1. Beguile - verb - to deceive or mislead; a deceiving nature
Synonyms: fool, deceive, seduce, con
Verb tenses: beguiles, beguiled, beguiling
TV ads beguile people every day with their persuasive tactics. Sarah beguiled Timmy with her smile making him think that she liked him.
Guile - noun - Synonyms: slyness, trickery, cleverness -
Don showed his guile when he hid the truth about his past. Frank used his guile to persuade his teacher to give him an extension on his project.
2. Austere - adjective - stern or cold in appearance; a severe manner - Synonyms: rigid, stringent, earnest -
Pete was very austere after his wife divorced him. Betty wanted to keep a slightly austere working-class look to the house.
Austerely - adverb - Sarah glared austerely at Timmy after Timmy’s bad joke. The manager walked around austerely menacing his employees while they worked.
Austerity - noun - The teacher showed her austerity on a daily basis through her stern looks and authoritative tone of voice. Don's austerity was well conveyed with his dark suit and cold eyes.
3. Iniquity - noun - an immoral action; a sin -
Synonyms: abomination, crime, infamy
Timmy hoped that he wouldn’t suffer from the iniquity of his father.
Don's iniquity caused severe implications to his family's reputation.
4. Persecute - verb - to pursue with harassing or oppressive
treatment, especially because of religion, race, or beliefs -
Synonyms: harass, torment, oppress
Verb tenses : persecutes, persecuted, persecuting
Many students treated Sarah poorly and persecuted her because for her religious views. The teacher seems to persecute students that don’t have the same views as her.
Vocab 3
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
mid - (middle) - midway
mis - (wrongly) - misfire
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ity - noun - (state, condition) - abnormality, civility, necessity
sion, tion - noun - (the state or quality of something) - attention, conclusion, definition
1. Depravity - noun - the state or an instance of moral corruption Synonyms: wickedness, corruption, immorality
Frank’s mom wouldn’t let him watch the movie because of all of the depravity. They city's depravity was made apparent during the riots.
Deprave - verb - to morally corrupt -
Synonyms: degrade, demoralize, corrupt
Verb tenses: depraves, depraved, depraving
Timmy’s brother depraved him with all of his bad habits. Watching late night TV depraves children and causes them to use bad language.
Depraved - adjective - Jim’s parents thought that his friends were too depraved to hang out with. Roger was a depraved man who womanized and drank too much.
2. Imbibe - verb - to receive into the mind, to absorb, to retain
Synonyms: ingest, assimilate, guzzle
Verb tenses: imbibes, imbibed, imbibing
The teacher hoped that the students would imbibe the information from the presentation. Frank imbibed the entire gallon of milk.
Imbiber - noun - Consuming too much liquid at one time could cause dire circumstances for the imbiber. Don was an imbiber who could spout off random facts about that he had just heard the day before.
3. Aversion - noun - an intense dislike for something -
Synonyms: distaste, opposition, reluctance
Jon had a strong aversion for the ocean due to his inability to swim. Mike’s aversion for hard labor could be traced back to his childhood chores.
4. Mundane - adjective - dull; ordinary; unimaginative; common place - Synonyms: normal, ordinary, boring - Arya hated working on mundane orders in the shop, she enjoyed doing challenging work. Don was trying to escape the mundane routine of his life.
Mundanely - adverb - Frank began his professional career somewhat mundanely, painting realistic internal organs for medical textbooks. The tour guide mundanely told the same story every day.
Frank’s mom wouldn’t let him watch the movie because of all of the depravity. They city's depravity was made apparent during the riots.
Deprave - verb - to morally corrupt -
Synonyms: degrade, demoralize, corrupt
Verb tenses: depraves, depraved, depraving
Timmy’s brother depraved him with all of his bad habits. Watching late night TV depraves children and causes them to use bad language.
Depraved - adjective - Jim’s parents thought that his friends were too depraved to hang out with. Roger was a depraved man who womanized and drank too much.
2. Imbibe - verb - to receive into the mind, to absorb, to retain
Synonyms: ingest, assimilate, guzzle
Verb tenses: imbibes, imbibed, imbibing
The teacher hoped that the students would imbibe the information from the presentation. Frank imbibed the entire gallon of milk.
Imbiber - noun - Consuming too much liquid at one time could cause dire circumstances for the imbiber. Don was an imbiber who could spout off random facts about that he had just heard the day before.
3. Aversion - noun - an intense dislike for something -
Synonyms: distaste, opposition, reluctance
Jon had a strong aversion for the ocean due to his inability to swim. Mike’s aversion for hard labor could be traced back to his childhood chores.
4. Mundane - adjective - dull; ordinary; unimaginative; common place - Synonyms: normal, ordinary, boring - Arya hated working on mundane orders in the shop, she enjoyed doing challenging work. Don was trying to escape the mundane routine of his life.
Mundanely - adverb - Frank began his professional career somewhat mundanely, painting realistic internal organs for medical textbooks. The tour guide mundanely told the same story every day.
Vocab 4
Suffixes: the end part of a word
able, ible - adjective - (able, can do) - capable, visible
ane - noun, adjective - (pertaining to) - lane, mundane
ious - adjective - (full of) - copious, inauspicious
1. Culpable - adjective - Deserving of blame or judgment as being wrong, evil, or improper - Synonyms: guilty, liable
Don had a culpable look on his face when Betty asked him where he had been all night. Frank was found culpable in the accident because he was texting while he was driving.
Culpability - noun - Socrates didn’t show any culpability because he didn’t believe that he had done anything wrong. The jury felt that Manson's culpability was obvious.
Culpably - adverb - Timmy behaved culpably in the principal’s office because he had been caught red handed. Pete stuttered culpably when asked why he came home late.
2. Inauspicious - adjective - a bad sign; a bad omen;
Despite its inauspicious beginnings the company was finally able to reach a successful state. Pete saw all problems with the plane as an inauspicious sign so he stayed home.
Auspicious - adjective - a favorable sign; a good omen; conducive to success - Synonyms: promising, advantageous
Frank saw his interaction with Timmy as an auspicious moment to fix their friendship. Many people felt that the good weather was an auspicious sign of good things to come in the new year.
Auspiciousness - noun - The theme of the poem had to do with auspiciousness through hard work. Peggy's auspiciousness was easy to see with your recent promotion.
Auspiciously - adverb - Jane began the school year auspiciously turning in her all of her assignments. Frank talked auspiciously with his coach about becoming the team captain.
3. Scrupulous - adjective - doing what is right; being honest; having moral principles and ethical standards - The preacher discussed the scrupulous themes found in the book. Stan was praised for his scrupulous behavior during the trip.
Unscrupulous - adjective - contemptuous of what is right or honorable; lacking moral principles -
Synonyms: immoral, corrupt, shady
Timmy’s unscrupulous behavior got him kicked off the team. Don's unscrupulous advertisement was misogynistic and degraded women.
Unscrupulously - adverb - Frank unscrupulously lied to his mom about having gone to the party. Pete talked unscrupulously to his wife's friend while his wife was gone.
Unscrupulousness - noun - Tywin’s unscrupulousness caused people to hate him, even his own son. The politician's unscrupulousness was clear when he was caught in a lie.
4. Fabricate - verb - to make, manufacture; to make up, invent - Synonyms: formulate, contrive, concoct
Verb tenses: fabricate, fabricated, fabricates, fabricating
Stan fabricated a lie so elaborate that he had trouble remembering the entire thing. The company fabricates small electrical fittings that are sold world wide.
Fabrication - noun - Joan's lie was a fabrication that she had been living with her entire life. Don's fabrication fooled everyone, no one knew who he really was.
Vocab 5
Suffixes: the end part of a word
eous - adjective - (full of) - plenteous, homogeneous
scious - adjective - (full of) - conscious, luscious
ness - noun - (state of quality degree) - carelessness, darkness
1. Homogeneous - adjective - the same throughout; consistent; uniform - Synonyms: similar, comparable
The country was fairly homogeneous, ethnically and culturally, and distinct from its neighbors in those regards. The homogeneous group had a very similar sense of style and way of talking.
Homogeneously - adverb - All who come under Sauron's unscrupulous influence become as homogeneously evil as Sauron himself. The product Glen is waiting for is Northern Italian-inspired espresso, which is homogeneously consistent, smooth and precise. Frank homogeneously set all of the pieces of glass into neat rows on his art project.
2. Allot - verb - to give or share a portion of something - Synonyms: allocate, distribute
Verb tense: allot, allots, allotted, allotting
The bank allotted Timmy a large sum of money after he won the lottery. Frank’s grandma allots candy to little kids on Halloween.
Allotment - noun - Don's allotment of money was running out quickly. Sally was given a small allotment of stocks when her grandpa died.
3. Impasse - noun - a situation from which you cannot escape; a problem with no good solution; stalemate - Synonyms: gridlock, standstill, predicament
Betty felt that her marriage was a horrible impasse that she couldn't get out of. The government is under increasing pressure to engineer a solution to the impasse with the economy.
4. Mutable - adjective - subject to change or alteration -
The author expressed how mutable someone's personality is as they grow up. The clay was mutable making it very easy to sculpt.
Immutable - adjective - unable to change -
Synonyms: unchangeable, inflexible
Don dwelt on his immutable past even though he couldn't do anything about it.
Immutably - adverb - Peggy, like other women, felt like she lived in an immutably patriarchal world. The advertisement existed immutably where no one could touch it.
Immutability - noun - Many counselors have tried to fix the immutability of the human heart. The theme of the story had something to do with the immutability of fate.
Vocab 6
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
dis - (not, opposite of) - disagree
en, em - (cause to) - encode, embrace
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ence - noun - (relating to) - confidence
ent - adjective - (one who is) - confident
1. Congruous - adjective - conforming to circumstances; in harmony; fitting in place - Athletes are expected to dress in uniforms that are congruous to the sport they are playing. Teachers expect their students to be congruous to the rules and the workings of their class.
Incongruous - adjective - out of place; lacking harmony; incompatible - Synonyms: incompatible, incoherent
Standing in her elegant dress and heels, Cercei is an incongruous sight here in the mountains. Eddard felt that the two systems of thought were incongruous to the crown.
Incongruously - adverb - Lyrics like "angry" and "self-loathing," were incongruously set to one of his loveliest melodies.
Michael incongruously placed the old orange couch in the newly remodeled room.
Incongruity - noun - Frank’s incongruity was clear as soon as he stepped into the building for the formal banquette. A well known incongruity is experienced when freshmen start a new school year.
2. Indolent - adjective - wanting to avoid activity; lazy; disinterested in working - Synonyms: inactive, idle
Breanne felt that all 100,000 people experiencing homelessness in the country were indolent losers. They say that a pit bull can change at any time, from being indolent to extremely aggressive.
Indolently - adverb - Sam searched indolently for his boots because he didn’t want to go out in the cold. Bob sank indolently into the couch avoiding his morning chores.
Indolence - noun - Sally showed her indolence by staying in her pajamas all day. Frank knew that such indolence was characteristic of Ted's poor work ethic.
3. Daft - adjective - crazy; foolish; silly; senseless -
Synonyms: crazy, stupid, asinine
Roger made some outrageous comments during the meeting showing off his daft personality. Bob's daft remarks during the business trip concerned his coworkers.
Daftly - adverb - Jaime laughed daftly during the serous speech, showing no regard for the speaker. Bert bellowed daftly during the song in a way that no one had ever heard.
Daftness - noun -Bob's daftness worried his coworkers they didn't know what to expect from him. Billy was reprimanded for his daftness a number of times during the trip.
4. Infamy - noun - an extremely bad reputation -
Synonyms: shameful, notoriety, dishonor
For Frank, first came fame as a freakishly talented footballer; then came infamy after his secrets were made public.
Caitlyn felt that the media had finally overdosed on the infamy of troubled stars.
Infamous - adjective - Alex Rodriguez was infamous for using performance enhancing drugs in Major League Baseball.
Joan had been made infamous for her stunt at the party.
2nd Quarter Vocabulary Words
Vocab 7
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
in, im, il, ir - (not, without ) - inappropriate, impossible, irresolute- - (in, into, towards, inside) - influence, imbibe
1. Indignation - noun - anger or scorn aroused for something felt to be unfair or unjust. Synonyms: furious, angry, resentful
Timmy showed his indignation when he gave a speech about the injustice of school uniforms. Bob's indignation was expressed as he marched during the protest.
Indignant - adjective - Sarah gave Timmy an indignant look when he accused her of liking Frank. Bob was indignant about failing the assignment because he had been absent.
Indignantly - adverb - Sam yelled indignantly at his parents for grounding him. The coach argued indignantly with the referee over the bad call.
2. Scrutable - adjective - capable of being understood, analyzed, scrutinized, or deciphered
The coaches signs were very scrutable and the other team picked up on them right away. The hieroglyphics were scrutable only to people where had studied the ancient language.
Inscrutable - adjective - incapable of being understood, analyzed, or scrutinized - Synonyms: hidden, mysterious
Paul is an inscrutable and unconventional writer who is often misinterpreted. Frank finds The Lord of the Rings intriguing, inscrutable and completely engaging.
Inscrutably – adverb - Murray speaks inscrutably making it difficult for the audience to comprehend what he's talking about. Samuel smiled inscrutably at Vanessa making her confused what he wanted.
Inscrutability – noun - The inscrutability of the riddle made it almost impossible for the hero to save the fair maiden. The theme of the book was masked in inscrutability making it difficult for Bob to figure it out.
3. Resolute - adjective - admirably purposeful, strong willed, and unwavering
Synonyms: determined, persistent, obstinate
Don was a resolute worker when it came to completing big projects. Peggie's resolute personality was the reason for most of her success.
Irresolute - adjective - indecisive; unsure; undecided
The day was gray and gloomy, full of irresolute rain clouds that occasionally spat on the town. Bobby was very irresolute about going to the party after his mother's warning.
Irresolutely - adverb - Timmy irresolutely answered his teacher because he had not been paying attention. Tony stood irresolutely in the doorway after he hear the loud noise outside.
Irresoluteness – noun - Frank’s irresoluteness really hindered him from asking Sarah on a date. The boss's irresoluteness caused his employees to second guess his decisions.
4. Calumny - noun - a false or malicious statement meant to injure or harm a reputation - Synonyms: slander, defamation
The harsh calumny spread by the girls completely ruined Sarah’s reputation at school. The kid's accusations of abuse were pure calumny in a malicious effort to make money.
5. Coerce – verb - to compel by force, intimidation, or authority - Verb tenses: coerce, coerces, coerced, coercing
Synonyms: intimidate, press, compel
Tony coerced Frank to stop hanging out with his little sister.
Vinnie coerces weaker students to do his homework for him.
6. Pliable – adjective - adjusting to change; easily influenced; adjustable - Synonyms: bendable, adaptable, flexible
Frank seems to think that facts are pliable, even though they clearly are not. Timmy knew how pliable his little brother was when it came to moral influence.
Vocab 8
Suffixes: the end part of a word
en - adjective - (of the nature) - broken
tude - noun - (state of being) - solitude, multitude
ly - adverb - (in the manner of) - carefully
1. Vicissitude - noun - a change or variation in something; an unwanted change in circumstance or fortune -
Synonyms: change, fluctuation, alteration
An example of vicissitude is when you have a great job but then you lose your great job. Timmy had a difficult time dealing with all of the vicissitudes in his personal life, because there are so many. Frank's constant moving from job to job created many vicissitudes in his life.
2. Contempt - noun - a feeling of hatred for someone or something - Synonyms: hatred, disdain, disrespect
Frank has a lot of contempt for the cigarette companies, because his dad died of lung cancer. Sally had contempt for her dad when he missed her school performance.
Contemptible/Contemptuous - adjective - describing something/someone worthy of hatred
Timmy felt that Frank was contemptible, because he got him suspended from school. Frank gave Timmy a contemptuous look after Timmy kicked him out of his car.
Contemptibly - adverb - Sam contemptibly cowered away from the big moment in the game. Sarah contemptibly ignored her responsibility to do her homework, because she hated her math class.
3. Kempt - adjective - neatly or tidily kept;
Stan's beard was trimmed and tidy and always kempt. Timmy was a well kempt young man that always stayed up with fashion trends.
Unkempt - adjective - not cared for or neglected; disheveled - Synonyms: sloppy, messy, shaggy
The teacher called CPS because he felt Timmy’s appearance was unkempt. The house was so unkempt that the city was going to condemn it.
4. Craven - adjective - cowardly or contemptibly timid
Synonyms: weak, timid, scared
Pete was a person who ran and hid when he heard any noise or sound, his mother thought he was quite craven.
The bad guy in the story is a craven businessman that steals an old ladies money and never fesses up to the crime.
Vocab 9
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
non - (not) - nonsense
pre - (before) - prefix
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ent - adjective - (one who is) - different
ious - adjective - (full of) - copious
1. Jocular - adjective - joking; playful; jesting; facetious
Frank’s friends found him to be amiable and jocular during their road trip. Many people thought that Desmond was very serious but he was actually extremely jocular.
Jocularity – noun - Most humor that reaches main stream is mere jocularity. The team's jocularity kept them loose and spirited.
The teacher asked that the students keep the jocularity to a minimum.
2. Insidious - adjective - secretly treacherous or deceitful to cause evil, harm, or injury - Synonyms: sneaky, tricky, dangerous - The environment that one chooses to study in can be insidious, leading to distraction and procrastination. Kathy felt that the insidious attacks on Christine were achieving nothing.
Insidiously - adverb - Frank insidiously spread rumors about Sarah because she refused to go out with him. The spider crept insidiously into the bed waiting for its victim.
Insidiousness - noun - Timmy’s insidiousness was well hidden by his amiable demeanor. Everyone could see Dan's insidiousness once he lost his composure at the party.
3. Diffident - adjective - lacking confidence in one’s own ability or skills - Synonyms: hesitant, un-confident
Despite all of the bragging, Frank’s performance seemed to be diffident and not very confident. Sarah is more reserved and diffident, Timmy is a real chatterbox.
Diffidently – adverb - Sarah diffidently answered the teacher’s question in front of the class, because she was unsure of herself. Casey diffidently stepped into the batter's box nervously anticipating the pitch.
Diffidence – noun - Desmond’s diffidence caused him much anxiety when it came to class presentations. Stu's diffidence was apparent when he stumbled through his speech.
4. Expunge - verb - to strike or blot out; to erase or obliterate
Verb tenses: expunge, expunges, expunged, expunging
Synonyms: destroy, delete, eradicate
Frank expunged the terrible memory he had of his ex-girlfriend by hanging out with his friends. Sally used the bonfire as a chance to expunge the scrap book that Sarah had made for her.
Vocab 10
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
re - (again) - return
semi - (half) - semicircle
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ize - verb - (make like) - sterilize, Christianize
ious - adjective - (full of) - insidious, copious
1. Lionize - verb - to treat as or make into a celebrity
Verb tenses: lionize, lionizes, lionized, lionizing
Synonyms: idolize, glorify, celebrate
We tend to lionize or demonize our presidents. The NFL draft lionizes average college kids, creating expectations that they can’t meet.
2. Indomitable - adjective - can’t be subdued or overcome; unconquerable; in reference to courage or will
Synonyms: unyielding, steadfast, persistent - Sandra understood it would take every fiber of her indomitable spirit to push through the race. Demonstrating indomitable courage, Frank fought to regain the use of his legs.
Indomitably - adverb - The king reigned indomitably, no one ever challenged him. Frank hiked indomitably up the mountain, he refused to quit.
3. Lament - verb - express grief or sorrow - Synonyms: mourn, grieve - Verb tenses: lament, laments, lamented, lamenting
Timmy lamented the death of his dog Sparky. Frank was lamenting the loss in the big game when Sarah cheered him up.
4. Prodigious - adjective - Impressively great in size, force, or extent - Synonyms: huge, enormous, colossal - There was a prodigious storm brewing out at sea. Frank was a prodigious talent when it came to football. The Super Bowl is a prodigious event.
Prodigiously - adverb - The tornado grew prodigiously as it swept through the town.
The stage production was prodigiously complex, the actor did an incredible job putting it together.
Vocab 11
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ate - verb - (to make; to do) - fascinate, concentrate
- - noun - (to be) - doctorate, sulphate
- - adjective - (having appearance) - passionate, affectionate
ant, ent - adjective - (one who is, that which is) - inconsistent, extant
1. Meticulous - adjective - showing extreme care for minute details; to be precise - Synonyms: perfectionist, detailed, thorough - Sarah is very meticulous, she planned her wedding down to every last song that was played at the event. Timmy was a meticulous man who always turned up to work two hours beforehand. Frank is smart, meticulous, calculating and carries a specific agenda.
Meticulously - adverb - The scientists have documented their project meticulously. The Jameson is a marvelous colonial building that has been meticulously restored.
2. Supercilious - adjective - Behaving as though one thinks one is superior to others - Synonyms: pretentious, arrogant
Sally’s voice had a supercilious tone, which seemed to really put off the people around her. Frank pointed out that many of the teachers have a supercilious view of intelligence.
Superciliously - adverb - Sarah talked superciliously in front of Frank about how excited she was to go to Stanford. Fred behaved superciliously causing people think he was stuck up.
3. Perpetuate - verb - to make something undesirable last longer or continue on; to set something in motion that caries on by itself - Synonyms: maintain, preserve
Verb tenses: perpetuated, perpetuates, perpetuating
Frank perpetuated the conversation on accident when he asked Bob why he was wearing a purple top hat. Timmy’s mother always perpetuates awkward situations with Timmy’s friends.
4. Adamant - adjective - firm in belief; unyielding -
Synonyms: determined, insistent, stubborn
Frank was adamant that he had been the one that had helped the team the most. Timmy can be very adamant whenever he thinks he is right.
Adamantly - adverb - Sarah adamantly argued that Tina was culpable of cheating on the quiz not her. The coach screamed adamantly at the umpire about reversing the call.
Vocab 12
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
anti - (against) - antifreeze
de - (opposite) - defrost
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ary - adjective, noun - (state or quality of being) - contrary
ly - adverb - (in the manner of) - carefully
1. Dubious - adjective - doubtful; unsure; uncertain about an outcome - Synonyms: questionable, reluctant, fishy
Timmy was very dubious about the old man who had joined his group. Don's dubious comment confused everyone that heard it.
Dubiously – adverb - Frank dubiously asked his coach if he could take a break. Bob stared dubiously at the homeless man.
Dubiousness - noun - The dubiousness of the situation caused Sam to rethink whether or not he should go to the party. Sally's dubiousness kept her from making a decision.
2. Wary - adjective - feeling or showing caution about possible danger; not trusting something - Synonyms: careful, cautious
Frank was wary about whether he should get into the car with Timmy after the party. Sally gave Sam a wary look when he asked her to the dance.
Warily - adverb - Timmy stared warily at the large group that was forming outside the stadium. Sally talked warily to the homeless man that was asking for change.
Wariness - noun - Sarah’s father voiced his wariness to let Sarah spend the weekend with her boyfriend. Don could see the wariness on Peggy's face when he told her that she was being promoted.
3. Truculent - adjective - aggressively defiant; quick to argue
Synonyms: belligerent, hateful, antagonistic
Timmy was considered truculent and some said, selfish. The teacher had a difficult time dealing with the truculent student that would not take responsibility for his lack of effort.
Truculently – adverb - Sarah walked truculently into her room ignoring her parents’ commands. Jon yelled truculently at the opposing army daring them to attack.
Truculence - noun - The girl’s truculence was a big reason why she was always in trouble at school. The principal was well aware of Frank's truculence when he called him into his office.
4. Scrutinize - verb - to examine or analyze thoroughly
Verb tenses: scrutinize, scrutinized, scrutinizes, scrutinizing
Synonyms: inspect, investigate, dissect
Frank felt like his boss liked to scrutinize him because he showed up at random times to check what he was doing. Timmy’s parents were always scrutinizing his work to make sure that he did it correctly.
Vocab 13
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
trans - (across) - transport
un - (not) - unfriendly
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ance, ancy - noun - (state of, action, process, or quality) - importance, buoyancy
less - adjective - (without, unable to act) - worthless, mindless
Discrepancy – noun - A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. Synonyms: conflict, disagreement
There seemed to be a discrepancy between Frank’s story and Timmy’s, when the principal questioned them. The teacher pointed out the discrepancy between the evidence and the thesis.
Conciliate – verb - to overcome distrust or hostility; to win over; to reconcile - Synonyms: appease, pacify, placate
Verb tenses: conciliate, conciliates, conciliated, conciliating
Our coach talked to the other team’s coach to conciliate the angry players. Sam conciliated his girlfriend by giving her roses.
Remiss – adjective - lacking care or attention to duty - Synonyms: careless, thoughtless, neglectful
Teachers urge their students not to be remiss in their studies and work. It would be remiss for parents to avoid talking to their children about the dangers of the world.
Superfluous – adjective - too much of; an unnecessary amount - Synonyms: excessive, unneeded, useless
Superfluous spending seems to increase quite a bit during the holiday season. Frank couldn’t stand all of the superfluous behavior of the popular holidays and so Festivus was born!
3rd Quarter Vocabulary Words
Vocab 14
Prefixes: the beginning part or a word
in, im, il, ir - (not, without ) - inappropriate, impossible, irresolute- - (in, into, towards, inside) - influence, imbibe
Suffixes: the end part of a word
al - adjective, noun - (relating to, connected to) - natural, manual
Impetuous – adjective – making quick decision; taking sudden action; acting without thinking -
Synonyms: hasty, impulsive
Timmy’s impetuous behavior landed him in prison. Because James is only seventeen, he tends to be impetuous at times. Marrying someone you hardly know is an impetuous decision!
Impetuously – adverb – In combat, Sarah was forced to impetuously make decisions that affected the whole unit. Frank always acts impetuously, his choices are flashy and never less than interesting.
Incorrigible – adjective – impossible to correct, control, or discipline - Synonyms: hopeless, bad, hardened (in behavior)
Incorrigible offenses include running away and truancy.
Because Sally's behavior is incorrigible, she might be grounded for a year. Even after spending a year in jail, Sal remains incorrigible.
Incorrigibleness – noun– Frank’s incorrigibleness landed him in the principal’s office. Although Marilyn was known for her incorrigibleness, she changed her ways and became a nun after graduating from high school.
Privy - adjective - participating in the knowledge of something private or secret - Synonyms: secret, aware, hidden
Astor was not privy to the letter or the telephone conversations about the transfer. Most students know they're not privy to all the information online. The show has many secrets — secrets to which even the actors aren't privy until each script arrives.
Feign - verb – to make up a story; to put on an appearance - Synonyms: pretend, bluff, deceive
Verb tenses: feign, feigned, feigns, feigning
Timmy feigned his enjoyment of the movie to appease his girlfriend.
Frank kept feigning his appreciation of the art to impress Jessica.
Fran had to feign her surprise when she opened her birthday present, because she already knew what she was getting.
Judicious – adjective – making good decisions or wise choices - Synonyms: wise, cautious, careful
Because of his experience, Don was judicious and well-respected. The experienced software engineer is judicious when it comes to
Without judicious planning, we will not be able to complete the project on time.
Judiciously – adverb - Since I have a small budget, I have to shop judiciously for my purchases. When it comes to choosing friends you have to pick judiciously and be wise!
Juxtapose – verb – to place side by side in order to compare and contrast - Synonyms: appose, connect, pair
The director likes to juxtapose turbulent and happy images of the events to express the differences in the character's experience.
The two examples were juxtaposed to show their overwhelming differences. The music was juxtaposed with a powerful male choir and softer works to stir the hearts of everyone.
Infinitesimal – adjective – immeasurably small; less than an assignable quantity - Synonyms: imperceptible , negligible
Present theory suggests our universe emerges from this vacuum as an infinitesimal blip that rapidly inflates, like a balloon.
Daniel Kitson's vision takes you from the infinitesimal to the infinite, stopping at all stations in between. The probability that Timmy would win the lottery was infinitesimal.
Infinitesimally – adverb – It is very difficult to prove something so infinitesimally small actually exists. T cells have the ability to search out infinitesimally tiny markers on cells. The odds that the bullets collide are infinitesimally small.
Vocab 15
Suffixes: the end part of a word
ence - noun - (relating to) - confidence
ent - adjective - (one who is) - confident
Disdain – verb – haughty contempt, extreme dislike; to despise or scorn - Synonyms: hate, indifference, ridicule
Teenagers seem to disdain their parents for such petty reasons.
Pacifists are likely to disdain my right to gun ownership. If you disdain the American Government so much, then why don't you move to China?
Disdain - noun – Sal has an utter disdain for people that want something for nothing. Betty looked at Don with disdain as he walked into the courtroom.
Malign – verb – to say evil or harmful things about someone; to defame or vilify - Synonyms: slander, defame, hurtful
Verb tenses: malign, maligned, maligns, maligning
Do not malign me simply because you are jealous of my wealth!
By spreading the cruel rumor, Sally hoped to malign Sarah.
Because Jack was angry about losing his job, he tried maligning his former employer on the internet.
Malign – adjective - to be hurtful or to injure - Sarah showed the malign effects of illicit drugs. Fran couldn’t believe the malign comments that Sarah made about her.
Punctilious - adjective - painstaking; meticulous; strict attention to minute details - Synonyms: careful, finicky
My father is punctilious about having all of his ties lined up by color.
Pharmacists must be very punctilious because the actions they take could result in fatalities.
Punctiliously - adverb - I am always nervous to eat dinner at my aunt’s because she punctiliously places the utensils at the table.
As an accountant, Margaret has to punctiliously add up all of the numbers in order to not make any terrible mistakes.
Ineffable – adjective - Incapable of being expressed with words; Synonyms: indescribable, unutterable
The model’s beauty is ineffable and has everyone tongue-tied.
When Jake saw his fiancée walking down the church aisle, he experienced an ineffable feeling. The joy I experienced at the birth of my first child was ineffable.
Vocab 16
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ism - noun - (system, behavior, condition, action, attitude) - heroism, communism,
-ious - adjective - (full of) - copious, auspicious
Euphemism – noun - an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh -
“To pass away” is a euphemism for “to die.” Don used a euphemism to disguise his real feelings about the incident. Because people felt the title of “garbage man” was unappealing, the euphemism of “sanitation engineer” was created.
Ramification – noun - a development or consequence that complicates a situation - Synonyms: complication, consequence
Jim knew there would be serious ramifications if he got caught sneaking out. No one thinks about the ramifications of their actions until it is too late. The ramifications would be dire if Frank lost control of his car.
Pretentious – adjective – acting more important than you really are; making ridiculous claims to feel important - Synonyms: snobby, conceited, pompous
The weight loss product seemed fake and pretentious to me, so I decided to buy an alternative item. Even though Don was a millionaire, he avoided hanging out with pretentious people who liked to flaunt their wealth.
Pretentiously – adverb - Niles always pretentiously bragged about his adventures overseas. Pete pretentiously claimed to be descended from royalty.
Garrulous – adjective - excessively or pointlessly talkative; using too many words - Synonyms: chatty, babbling, glib
Desperate for peace and quiet, Amanda told the garrulous man sitting next to her to "Shut up!" The garrulous gentleman held up the checkout line as he rambled on to the cashier about his pet squirrel.
Garrulously – adverb - My sister garrulously talked about boys on the phone all day. How am I going to sleep sitting next to this woman who is garrulously going on about her wonderful grand kids?
Vocab 17
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ity, -ty - noun - (state of quality of) - captivity, clarityent - adjective - (one who is) - confident
-ion, -sion, -tion - nouns - (act of, state of, result of)- contagion, infection, aversion
Impervious - adjective – without feeling or response; not affected by – Synonyms: resistant, indifferent, insensible
Timmy seemed to be impervious to his failing scores. Sarah’s impervious look told Timmy that she didn't care. Don seems to be impervious to emotional pain, nothing seems to bother him.
Imperviously – adverb - Timmy walked imperviously by Frank as Frank glared at him. Sarah talked imperviously to her mom as if she had no regard for her punishment.
Imperviousness – noun – The player’s imperviousness allowed him to keep playing after his injury. John’s imperviousness scared his mother, because he didn't seem to care about anything.
Incredulous – adjective – skeptical of something, unsure of, or disbelieving - Synonyms: suspicious, doubtful, dubious
Frank gave Timmy an incredulous look when Timmy asked him if he wanted to ditch class. Sarah was a bit incredulous about Timmy’s story, she didn’t know if it was true or not.
Incredulously – adverb – Frank incredulously asked his dad if Santa Claus was real. Timmy looked incredulously at Frank as Frank flirted with Timmy’s girlfriend.
Forlorn – adjective - lonely and miserable as though deserted or abandoned; expressing hopelessness and despair -
Synonyms: miserable, sorrowful, dejected
Captain Nick Riewoldt was a forlorn figure as he left the Etihad Stadium arena yesterday after his team's second defeat in a row. Thomas O'Malley, an aviation engineer in New Jersey, would move in a few months to a forlorn spit of land at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
Nuance – noun - a subtle difference in shade, sound, meaning - Synonyms: subtlety, variation, overtone
Frank appreciated the band's nuances in style between their first and second albums. You have to pay close attention to see the many nuances in body language that young people use to communicate.
Vocab 18
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ate - verb - (to cause, to make) - liquidate, segregate
- adjective - articulate, affectionate
-able, -ible - adjective - (able, can do) - capable, visible
Proclivity – noun - a natural tendency to behave in a particular way - Synonyms: inclination, tendency, disposition
As a young child, the Sarah had a proclivity for music, she was always singing. Don's proclivity for cooking made him a big hit in the homeowner’s association. It is the proclivity of the gas companies to raise prices when demand is high.
Odious – adjective - Inspiring hatred or disgust; repulsive or unpleasant - Synonyms: offensive, repugnant, vile
Because Mark had an odious personality, he had very few friends.
Michael Vick got arrested for participating in the odious sport of dog fighting. Cleaning the toilet is such an odious task.
Trifle – noun - An article or thing of very little value; something unimportant - Synonyms: trivial, inessential,
Frank decided not to bother Don with such trifles, like his argument with Peggy. Lebron thought the fine was a trifle, considering his yearly salary.
Vex – verb - To bother or distress; to cause perplexity or confusion
Verb tenses: vex, vexed, vexing, vexes
Frank always vexes over History tests, because he never studies for them. The math problem vexed Sarah, because there were too many components involved in it.
Vocab 19
Suffixes: the end part of a word
-ive - (causing quality or character; performing; demonstrative) - adjective - conclusive, festive, abusive
- noun - detective
-ize - verb - (make like) - sterilize, Christianize
Convoluted - adjective - intricate; twisted and complicated and difficult to follow: convoluted legal language; convoluted reasoning - Statistics are easily convoluted and misinterpreted when being used in an argument. Timmy’s family had a fairly complex, convoluted and emotional history.
Convolute - verb - Verb tenses: convolute, convolutes, convoluted, convoluting - Frank is purposely convoluting his conversation so that his mother doesn’t know what he’s talking about. Don always convolutes the details in his story so that it is difficult to follow what is going on.
Penance - noun - An act of self-mortification or devotion performed voluntarily to show sorrow for a sin or other wrongdoing - Synonyms: atonement, contrition, reparation
An example of a penance is when you publicly try to make up for your misdeeds. Frank has paid a penance through abandoning his freedom of expression. Ralph felt the need to pay a penance for misleading Timmy about his feelings for Sarah.
Epitome - noun - a person or thing that is a perfect example of a quality or type - Synonyms: personification, embodiment
Don is the epitome of egotism, he only cares about himself. Sarah's hard work makes her the epitome of a good work ethic.
Epitomize - verb - Verb tenses: epitomize, epitomized, epitomizes, epitomizing - The meadow epitomizes the beauty of the whole area. Bob epitomizes goodness, he is a great example to all of his friends.
Imperceptible - adjective - Impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses - an imperceptible drop in temperature - So subtle, slight, or gradual as to be barely perceptible - an imperceptible nod.
The differences between the two classes are almost imperceptible to the untrained eye. As Tom jogs along imperceptible paths, he must be careful not to trip. The food has an almost imperceptible tangy note of ketchup.
Imperceptibly - adverb - Bob is now officially in a dysfunctional relationship, although the power balance shifted so imperceptibly. The day’s problems fade imperceptibly into the sound of traffic as Sarah drives home alone.